第2部份：核保與保單條款

正確答案 / Correct Answer: C

• 重要事實的定義來自「最大誠信原則」（Principle of Utmost Good Faith）。
• 任何足以影響一位謹慎承保人決定是否接受風險、以何種條件接受，或釐定保費水平的事實，都屬重要事實。
• 投保人有責任主動披露所有重要事實，即使保險公司未有詢問。

• The definition of material facts stems from the Principle of Utmost Good Faith.
• Any fact that would influence a prudent underwriter's decision whether to accept the risk, on what terms, or at what premium level is a material fact.
• The insured has a duty to proactively disclose all material facts, even if the insurer has not asked.

正確答案 / Correct Answer: C

• 實體危險（Physical Hazard）指保險標的本身的實體特性，如建築物的結構材料（磚牆或木材）、地理位置等。
• 道德危險（Moral Hazard）指與投保人品格、誠信及態度相關的風險，如投保人是否誠實、是否有蓄意損毀財物的意圖、是否有保險欺詐記錄等。
• 道德危險較難量化，但同樣是承保人評估風險的重要因素。

• Physical Hazard refers to the physical characteristics of the insured subject matter, such as the building's construction materials (brick or timber) and geographical location.
• Moral Hazard refers to risks related to the character, integrity and attitude of the insured, such as whether the insured is honest, whether there is intent to deliberately damage property, or whether there is a history of insurance fraud.
• Moral hazard is harder to quantify but is equally an important factor for underwriters in assessing risk.